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Treatment of thyroid disease depends on the type, age, and severity of thyroid disorders

Treatment for Thyroid Disorders

After identifying a thyroid problem, the patient should be referred to an endocrinologist (hormone specialist issues) for treatment. If you detect a lump or tumor, then it will be necessary to evaluate a surgeon. All types of hypothyroidism are treated with pills to be taken daily, and often the treatment is for life. In some cases compensated hypothyroidism, treatment can be interrupted when it is observed that the thyroid gland begins to produce hormones normally.

Hyperthyroidism can be treated in several different ways. In some cases medication is prescribed on a temporary basis to prevent the production of hormones. The destruction thyroid (thyroid ablation) is the elimination of hormone-producing cells in the gland by oral administration of a liquid called radioactive iodine I-131. You can also remove the thyroid gland through surgery. The specialist will determine the treatment for each patient. In some cases, treatment of hyperthyroidism can cause hypothyroidism, which should be treated by administration of a daily pill.

The intervention: it is often used by those who want to the person concerned and worried about their behavior, is an eating disorder, drug or alcohol abuse or other kinds of self-destructive behaviors. Surgery can be an effective means of communicating their concerns, establish some rules and maybe the person concerned, decide to seek help.

To attempt an intervention is needed these two points:

1 – If possible, the intention is a positive comment to a counselor, clergy or family doctor.

2 – It is necessary to carefully plan the intervention. Who should be there, parents, brothers, boyfriends … In general the right people are closer to patients, who see it more often and those whose lives have been affected by his conduct.

3 – You must know the facts so you can give the offeree reason for his concern: It is inappropriate to criticize and say “you’re destroying this family” is harmful and melodramatic though it may be true -. Instead you could say that it is concerned about his health, perhaps even for his life.4 – We must stand firm. It may not produce a miracle overnight, but that’s no reason to change its view that a problem exists.

5 – It is normal to expect resistance to the anorexic. They get a sense of pride and identity of Being thin and feel attacked when someone tries to change it.

6 – It should be documented. Must read literature on the subject of food intake, see if any support program or camp in your community.

7 – We must always remember the purpose of the intervention. Its goal is to help the affected person. If it fails the first time that, keep trying, we must not give up or lose sight of the goal.

8 – We must recognize the patient’s fears. For an anorexic, the idea of changing habits maintained for months, maybe years, it really scares begin to think or fear that you are trying to turn it into a fat. Do not minimize those concerns even if they seem irrational.

9 – It is advisable to wait. It is very important to intervene early because probably not get instant results. You may be required several days or several weeks to finally accept an anorexic help.

10 – Do not forget your own needs who performed the surgery. An eating disorder has effects on family life. It’s nice sometimes to seek socio-psychological support or find a support group to ensure that you are caring properly.

The success of therapy depends on many factors, including:

- The personality of the patient and her desire for change.

- The duration of their disorder.

- The age at which the disease began.

- Your family history.

- Level of social and vocational skills.

- The occurrence of other disorders such as depression.

It is important to remember that there is no miracle cure for eating disorders. These diseases involve problems against which the patients have fought and continue to fight for the greater part of their lives, but a good treatment program will help build self-confidence and teach patients to face their problems without engaging in self-destructive behavior or . The program will also help restore health and physical strength.

In general, the three main goals of therapy are:

1 .- To mitigate the physical and dangerous or who pose a threat to life.

2 .- Teach the patient to eat normally and enjoy a more relaxed relationship with food.

3 .- To investigate, in the hope of change, destructive thoughts concerning eating, weight and eating.

* Bile acid resins. These drugs lower cholesterol by the liver is used to synthesize bile acids that are substances that form in the liver and used in the digestion of food.
* Fibrates. These fall mainly triglycerides
and that in turn prevents the formation of proteins that are carried.
* Statins. These are the most modern drugs, with greater power to lower cholesterol and fewer side effects. Cause increased degradation of cholesterol and decrease their training to act as inhibitors of enzymes involved in the formation and degradation of cholesterol, mainly of bad cholesterol. On these substances is on the research being conducted that are emerging with new statins that control cholesterol lower doses and therefore with fewer side effects.

could hypercholesterolemia be cleared?

NO. What is done is to keep blood cholesterol levels within the range considered normal with proper treatment, making its effect diminishes as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

How to prevent hypercholesterolemia?

If due to a genetic disease then there is no prevention possible, yes there if polygenic hypercholesterolemia as we try to control environmental factors and particularly dietary influence it.

The best way to prevent it is making a balanced diet rich in low-cholesterol foods such as vegetables, fruits, cereals, etc.. and low in foods that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol. This is must add the realization of moderate exercise, as indicated in paragraph treatment to help maintain a healthy weight. These two actions also help to prevent or control other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, with some frequency, are associated with hypercholesterolemia, such as hypertension, diabetes or obesity.

What are the diseases which associated with hypercholesterolemia?

The increase in blood cholesterol levels has a direct relationship with mortality from coronary heart disease (angina and myocardial infarction) and cerebrovascular disease.

It is associated with other diseases are also major risk factors for themselves and are mainly hypertension, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, which is to be monitored and treated appropriately.

What should be done if you have hypercholesterolemia?

It is important that people with hypercholesterolemia continue regular medical controls, whose frequency depends not only cholesterol but also the cardiovascular risk of the person who is defined by the presence or absence of other risk factors already discussed, or the existence of heart disease. Once the diagnosis has been made on whether the person has heart disease, start with the hygienic-dietetic treatment.

If the risk is high (more than two risk factors or concomitant presence of diabetes) should make checks every month for the first three months, including Analytical determination of lipids and glucose and blood pressure taken. Later checks shall be performed within three months, and once achieved the therapeutic target, ie cholesterol levels are within normal limits, analytical tests are conducted every six months. If the hygienic-dietetic treatment not achieved therapeutic goals should start with conservative treatment and continue with the controls already mentioned, with the exception of whether statin treatment is introduced which would have to perform analytical checks a month of starting it.

If the risk is moderate or low (less than two risk factors) will carry out checks every six months initially and then annually.

What shouldn’t have done if you have hypercholesterolemia?

At no time should abandon the treatment, particularly the drug without medical prescription has been since we are dealing with a disease whose control is of great importance for reducing the risk of heart disease.

What else you need to know?

There are other risk factors is important to notice, although the modification is not possible, whether they will influence when addressing the treatment of hypercholesterolemia are: gender (men have higher cardiovascular risk than women premenopausal, after menopause the risk is equal because it removes the protective role exerted by female sex hormones), age (risk increases with age, is higher in men from age 45, and the women from age 55), family history of CHD (coronary heart disease or sudden death before age 55 in father or other male first-degree relatives or before 65 years in the mother or other relatives female first degree).

Hypercholesterolemia is an increase in blood cholesterol above values considered normal for the general population. The value from which it is considered pathological and that is also an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease is 250 mg / dl.

Cholesterol is a type of fat found in the blood as a result of digestion of various foods we consume. This type of fat is transported through the blood attached to proteins called lipoproteins pose. This makes protein binding in the total cholesterol can distinguish two types, one popularly known as bad cholesterol that is that cholesterol is transported from the liver to the tissues and is the part of the plaques of atherosclerosis and its increase is the which is considered to have a better relationship with cardiovascular disease. The other type are known as good cholesterol and that is transported from peripheral tissues to the liver, such is not part of arteriosclerotic plaques and their presence at high levels is considered a protective factor for cardiovascular disease.

Inside there is another type of blood fat whose role as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease is unclear but whose growth is also considered pathological are triglycerides. Values are considered abnormal triglycerides above 200 mg/dl.

In short, the increase in blood fat of any of the previously discussed is called hyperlipidemia or hyperlipidemia, if what is growing is just one type of fat called fat increase, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and if they are augmented the two is called mixed hyperlipidemia.

Why do you have increased cholesterol?

Within hypercholesterolemias distinguish two types: one that primaries are those in which no obvious cause is appreciated, and other high schools where the cause of the increase in cholesterol is due to a disease already known.

In the primaries there are some that are due to genetic deficiencies of proteins that function in cholesterol metabolism, and others, which are the most frequent (85% of total cholesterol), which are known as polygenic diseases that affect 5% of the population. The term polygenic means that apart from a genetic deficiency is not located in a single gene, but several. In these cases other factors act primarily environmental and dietary intake related to dietary cholesterol.

What are the early symptoms which noticable?

Hypercholesterolemia is an asymptomatic disease until there is vascular disease (stroke, angina, etc.). But sometimes called xanthomas may appear that are the result of infiltration of the skin and tendons by cholesterol may be cutaneous or tendinous and are typically in the interdigital areas of hands, buttocks, knees and elbows, if they occur around the eyelids are called xanthelasma, the latter are not pathognomonic of hypercholesterolemia and that can also occur in people with normal cholesterol levels . These two types of skin disorders associated with hypercholesterolemia, appear more frequently in those that are due to a genetic defect is already known, rather than the polygenic nature. Given the importance of this risk factor, using any contact with health services which make an analytical determination should be a serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This determination is advisable to do it once before age 35 in men and women age 45 and then at intervals of 5 or 6 years to 65.

What is the complications?

Hypercholesterolemia is, along with hypertension and smoking, major risk factors for one of the leading causes of death in our country that is ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction), as well as cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease. This is supported by studies in which there has been a close relationship between high levels of total cholesterol and the occurrence of ischemic heart disease and cardiovascular mortality, and attitudes aimed at reducing cholesterol levels also cause decrease the probability of the pathology. However, the risk conferred any blood cholesterol level also depends on the coexistence of other risk factors such as age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, etc.. and that when conducting preventive work must also be taken into account.

How to treat hypercholesterolemia?

The treatment of hypercholesterolemia has two parts, one that is hygienic-dietary measures and
one that is drug therapy. These two parts are not exclusive but must be complemented for
cholesterol will lead to normal. However treatment must be individualized for each person, taking into account the presence or absence of other risk factors and associated pathologies.

Hygienic-dietary measures. Try to make a balanced diet is one that provides a number of calories according to energy expenditure that can achieve and maintain weight loss. The diet has to be
rich foods that contain carbohydrates and are mainly vegetable products, pasta, root vegetables, legumes, cereals, etc. .. Total fat must not exceed 30-35% of total calories, and of these the
saturated fats, which are those present in animal fats in butter, margarine, sausages, dairy products and coconut and palm oils (are the constituents of baked goods, cookies, fried, precooked and canned) has no that exceed 10% of total fats, and to be used are monounsaturated fats which are derived from oils
vegetables, particularly olive oil. The diet must be low in cholesterol, not exceeding
300 mg / day. Cholesterol is found in red meat, viscera (liver, kidneys, brains …), yolk
(and its derivatives, custards, mayonnaise), not being recommended greater consumption of 2-3 times the week. The poultry and rabbit meat containing less saturated fat and cholesterol, and white fish or blue should be used to replace red meat dishes. When you eat red meat it is advisable to remove visible fat before cooking it.

Do not ban alcohol, but can allow moderate consumption, 40 g / day for men and 24 g / day for women, roughly corresponding to two glasses of wine a day. We recommend a moderate reduction in salt intake and consumption of whole milk and dairy products as this is one of the largest sources of saturated fats are what we must avoid. It is not advisable, therefore, consumption of whole milk, fatty cheeses, ice cream, cream, butter and derivatives. When cooking is also advisable to use boiled, roasted, grilled and grilled rather than fried food.

The total calorie intake should aim to normalize the weight to help recommended dietary measures the performance of moderate physical exercise, which has seen it can increase good cholesterol for at least 30 minutes over 3 days week.
Dietary recommendations are summarized in Table 1 (Modified from Management in primary care of dyslipidemia. SEMFYC Recommendations 1997).

Replaces

The attractions findings published in a recent issue of prestigious journal Science, show that, indeed, in the course of a human life is replaced less than half the number of heart cells, cardiomyocytes.

Finding new treatments

A detailed analysis of this process could be very beneficial to find new treatment to improve the status of the tissues damaged by myocardial infarction and to rethink treatment strategies.

“Investigate the inside of an organ as precious as the human heart is not anything,” said Professor Jonas Frisén the magazine ..

In this case, the team “Instead of labeling cells to analyze its future development retrospectively determined their age,” said Professor Frisén.

Carbon 14

This new approach, also used in dating archaeological purposes, was based on an unlikely opportunity: a geophysical phenomenon.

The surface nuclear bomb tests conducted during the Cold War, between 1955 and 1963, resulted in mass production of radioactive isotopes of carbon-14. It was only a matter of time that high levels of carbon-14 from the atmosphere is transferred to the cells of plants, animals, humans and other life forms on Earth.

Researchers have used the presence and concentration of this isotope for dating of cell regeneration, carbon dating heart cells of people born before and after nuclear bomb tests to determine when carried out DNA synthesis of those cells.

DNA

According to these researchers, “When a cell is born in the human body at some time in the last decade, genomic DNA integrates its carbon-14 in a concentration that corresponds exactly to the atmospheric level at the time. Thus by measuring the presence of carbon-14 in the DNA of cells is possible to read a date written in the DNA of cells and determine when they were generated.

It was thus possible to infer, retrospectively, the age of cell renewal and deduce that there must have been. ”

20% of cell-cardiomicitos-renewing each year

After four years of study, Frisén and his team have established that cardiomyocytes, which constitute about 20% of the cells of the human heart are renewed annually at a rate of 1% after 25 years of age. This rate is gradually reduced to about half at 75 years of age.

“Our data indicate that the heart can generate new cardiomyocytes,” said Frisén. “I think this is very interesting because it shows the possibility of understanding in the future, how it regulates this process and, potentially, physicians might modulate this regulation to stimulate the generation of new cardiomyocytes.

Obviously, this would be beneficial after the loss of cardiomyocytes, for example following a stroke.

He highlighted the attractiveness of drug therapies that could be introduced to enable the generation of cardiac cells.

The research that led to these discoveries have been carried out by scientists from institutions in France, USA and Sweden